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Unit 11 How was your school trip?
一 重点单词
1 milk v挤奶 n.牛奶，不可数名词
2 feed v.过去式、过去分词 fed 喂养，饲养
用法：feed sth.=give sth food 喂养...;
feed sb/sth sth = feed sth to sb/sth 把某物喂给某人/物 Please feed some grass to the cow.
3 farmer n.农民，农场主---farm n.农场-----farming n. 农事；耕作
4 grow v.种植，生长，发育；
grow up 长大（成人）强调渐进的过程
Eg I want to be a computer programmer when I grow up.当我长大时，我想当一个电脑程序设计师。
grow into 成长为，发展成 强调由一种情况变为另一种情况。
Eg The village is growing into a town. 这个村庄正在发展成为一个城镇。
5 excellent 极好的；优秀的。一般用于肯定句不用于否定句；无比较级，不用程度副词（very等）修饰。
6 worry v.&n.担心，担忧; ----adj. worried 担心的，烦恼的
worry about 为...担心 ；be worried about 为...担心
7 the sun. the用在世界上独一无二的名词前。类似的用法：the earth; the moon ; the sky; the worlk.
8 exciting&excited interesting&interested
9 love v.爱--adj lovely 可爱的
10 fast 强调动作敏捷；quick 常指反应快或表示事情在较短时间内发生或完成。
11 guide n. 导游；向导 v.引导，带领；操纵。
12 gift n.礼物；赠品；天资，才能。 He has the math gift.他有数学天赋。
13 hear from 收到...的信
hear about/of 听说，后+名词，代词，动词ing形式。
hear sb do/doing sth. 看到某人做/正在做某事。
14 learn v.学习 常用结构 learn....from...向谁学习；
learn about=know about 了解，学习。How did you learn/know about the meeting?有关会议的情况你是怎么知道的？
learn...about...意为“学习／知道／了解…”I’d like to learn something about Mr. Green.
15 if 是否；引导宾语从句，同种用法的为whether.
16 pick v 采；摘 pick up 捡起；拿起；收拾；（汽车；飞机承载）
17 read = do some reading
二 重点短语
1.go for a walk去散步 go for a drive 去兜风 go for a picnic 去野炊
2.milk a cow 挤牛奶
3. ride a horse 骑马
4. feed chickens 喂小鸡
5. talk with与…谈话
6. take photos=take a photo拍照
7. quite a lot相当多
8. show...around带领...参观
show sb. sth.或show sth. to sb.给...看；出示；显示
9. learn about 了解
10. from... to... 从...到...
11. grow/pick strawberries 种植/采草莓
12. in the countryside在乡下
13. go fishing去钓鱼
14. at night在夜晚
15. a lot of许多；大量
16. come out出来
17. go on a school trip去学校郊游
18. along the way沿线
19. after that之后
20 buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物=buy sb sth
21. all in all 总的来说
22 take a / the train 乘火车
=go/get/come to...by train
23. be interested in 对……感兴趣
24. not… at all 根本不……
25 come短语辨析
come out 出现；出版
come over 过来，顺便拜访
come true 实现
come on 加油，快点
26 too many + 可数名词复数 太多的……
27. teach sb. how to do sth. 教某人怎样做某事
28 quite + a / an + 形容词+可数名词单数 = a + very + 形容词一个相当 / 很……
She is a quite nice girl.= She is a very nice girl.
29 go on a school trip 参加一次学校旅行
三 常用句型
1 How + be....? ……怎么样？=What’s...like?
How was your school trip? = What was your school trip like? 你的校园旅行怎么样？
2 How do /does+主语+feel about?...对...感觉如何？
How do you feel about this dress? 你对这件裙子感觉如何？
3 It’s +形容词(of/for sb)+to do sth.做某事是...的
It’s important (for me) to attend this meeting. 这个会议（对我）很重要。
It’s stupid (of me) to tell the test marks to my mother. 把分数告诉妈妈我真是太蠢了。
与事物有关的形容词时用for,
如possible,impossible, important,necessary,essential,convenient,difficult,hard, easy,useless...
与人的赞美和批评有关的形容词时用of.
如nice,kind,wise, good, polite, impolite, right, clever, bad, wrong, cruel, stupid, foolish..
四 重点语法
（一） 一般过去时
一般过去时用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday、last month Mary flew to London last week.
动词变化
1）规则动词过去式构成方法：
过去式构成有规律，一般词尾加-ed。词尾有个e，直接加上-d。辅音字母+y，变y为i加-ed。一辅重闭作尾巴，双写之后加-ed。
2) 不规则动词：部分不规则动词过去式记忆规律：
①动词过去式与动词原形一样。如：let--- let,put--- put, cut--- cut。
②遇见i改为a。如： swim-----swam，sing----sang,g， begin— began。
游泳( swim)唱歌(sing)后，开始( begin)坐( sit)下来，给( give)点儿喝(drink)的吧，i就变为a。
③过去式以ought和aught结尾的单词，如：bring— brought, buy—bought,think—thought, teach—taught。
④中间去e末尾加t，如：feel--- felt, keep—kept, sleep—slept,sweep—swept。
⑤把i变为o，如： ride— rode，drive— drove，write— wrote。
⑥ ow/aw变为ew，如：know ---knew，grow一grew, throw— threw, draw— drew。
⑦以d结尾的词，把d变成t，如：build— built, lend— lent, send— sent,spend—spent。
⑧连系动词be的过去式有两种形式，主语是第一、三人称单数形式用was，其他用were。
一般过去时的句式结构
(l)含连系动词be的一般过去时的句式
①肯定句：主语+was/were+其他，Our school trip was terrible last week.
②否定句：主语+was not（或wasn，t）/were not（或weren’t）十其他
I wasn’t at home yesterday.
③一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其他？
肯定回答用“Yes，主语+was/were.”;否定回答用“No，主语+wasn’t／weren’t.”。
④特殊疑问句：疑问词+was/were+主语+其他？How was your vacation?
(2) 含实义动词的一般过去时的句式
①肯定句：主语+动词过去式十其他 They had a good time yesterday.
②否定句：主语+did not(或didn’t)十动词原形+其他。They didn’t watch TV last night.
③一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他？
肯定回答用“Yes，主语十did．”；否定回答用“No，主语+didn’t．”。
④特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语十动词原形+其他？
What time did you finish your homework?
一般过去式的时间状语
一般过去时态的时间状语有yesterday，a moment ago（刚才），yesterday morning, last night/week, the day before yesterday（前天），just now（刚才），in+过去的时间（如in 1980）等。
（二） 词汇辨析
1 feed:喂养
feed on以……为生，以……为食 Sheep feed on grass.绵羊以草为食。
feed..on/with...用……喂…… He feeds the dog on meat.他用肉喂狗。
2 不定代词由some/any/no/every+body/one/thing等构成
anything不定代词，意为“某事；某东西”，用于疑问句；意为“任何事物；任何东西”，用于肯定句；意为“任何事物都（没有）”，用于否定句。
在表示请求、建议或征求意见的疑问句中常用something，不用anything。
everything为不定代词，意为“所有事物；一切”，可用于肯定句、疑问句中。
复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数.
形容词修饰不定代词something，anything等时，形容词要后置。
3
|
quite |
同形容词连用修饰名词时，置于不定冠词之前，即：quite
a/an +形容词+可数名词单数 |
It’s
quite a nice horse. 它是一匹相当好的马。 |
|
very |
位于不定冠词之后，即：a very +形容词+可数名词单数 |
That’s
a very interesting book.=That’s quite an interesting book.那是一本很有趣的书。 |
4
|
trip |
名词，特指某次具体的旅行 |
-Where
is John?约翰在哪里？ -He is
on a trip to Shanghai.他去上海旅行了。 |
|
travel |
名词或动词，泛指一般意义的旅行，不特指某次具体的旅行 |
Travel
is very popular with everyone now. 现在旅游是非常受大家欢迎的。 He
likes travelling.他喜欢旅行。 |
5
|
all in
all |
意为“总的说来”，常用于句首 |
All in
all,we had a good time. 总的说来，我们过得愉快。 |
|
in all |
意为“总共；合计”，既可放在句首，也可放在句末 |
There
are thirty students in all. 共用30名学生。 |
|
at all |
意为“根本”，常用于否定句，not...at all意为“根本不” |
He
doesn’t like apples at all. 他根本不喜欢苹果。 |
|
Not at
all |
①用来回答感谢，意为“不用谢；不客气”。 ②用来回答带有感谢性质的客套话，意为“没什么”。 |
-Thank
you very mu曲，多谢你了。-Not
at all.不客气。 -You
are very kind.你真好。-Not
at all.没什么。 |
6 当主句是一般现在时，主语是第一人称且谓语是think，believe,suppose, guess, expect等词时，如果要对宾语从句进行否定，常把否定转移到主句上来，即“否定转移”。翻译时需将否定还回从句。
I don’t think he can answer this question. 我认为他回答不出这个问题。
I don’t think she is a teacher. 我认为她不是一名老师。
Unit 11 How was your school trip?
一．重点短语
(一) 与农村和乡村活动相关的动词短语，及其过去式
|
原形 |
过去式 |
|
climb a
mountain |
climbed
a mountain |
|
play
chess |
played
chess |
|
milk a
cow |
milked
a cow |
|
talk
with |
talked
with |
|
ride a
horse |
rode a
horse |
|
show sb
around sw |
showed
sb around sw |
|
go for
a walk |
went
for a walk |
|
go
fishing |
went
fishing |
|
go on a
trip |
went on
a trip |
|
take
photos |
took
photos |
（二）其他短语
in the countryside
at night
a fire station
along the way
a lot of
all in all
on the train
be interested in
not .... at all
（三）重点句子
It is difficult to do sth.
How was your school trip? It was great!
Did you go to the zoo?
Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. I went to the farm.
Were the strawberries good?
Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.
二．动词过去式
实义动词的过去式一般在动词词尾加-ed构成，无人称和数的变化。
规则动词的变化，详见课本P114。不规则动词的变化及读音，详见课本P142。
三．一般过去时的用法（参考课本P113）
1.Be动词的一般过去时的构成
肯定句：主语+was/were +其他+.
否定句：主语+was/were +not+其他+.
一般疑问句：Was/Were +主语+其他+?
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were +主语+其他+？
2.实义动词一般过去时的构成
肯定句：主语+实义动词的过去式 +其他+.
否定句：主语+didn’t +实义动词的原形 +其他+.
一般疑问句：Did +主语+实义动词的原形 +其他+？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+实义动词的原形 +其他+？
四．知识点精讲
1. quite 相当，完全 She is quite right.
quite a lot (of)
I saw quite a lot.
quite a/an + adj(形容词)+ n（名词） = a very + adj + n.
She is quite a nice girl. = She is a very nice girl.
2. 不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything
形容词修饰不定代词，放在不定代词的后面。如，something interesting
something： 某事或某物，常用语肯定句，一般也用于以情态动词开头的一般疑问句中。做主语时，谓语用三单
I want something to eat.
anything： 任何东西，通常用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句。做主语时，谓语用三单
Is there anything in that box?
nothing： 没什么，没什么东西，相当于not anything。做主语时，谓语用三单
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
everything： 一切事物，每样事物。做主语时，谓语用三单
Money is everything to him.
3. farm农场, farming农事, farmer农民
We learned a lot about farming from the farmer on the farm.
4. pick up “ 捡起”，动副词组
接代词作宾语时，必须放在pick 和up中间；接名词作宾语时，既可以放在pick 和up 之间，也可以放在pick up后面。
There is a piece of paper on the ground and I pick it up.
5. excellent “极好的，优秀的”
一般用于肯定句，不用于否定句，不用比较级，不用very修饰。
He wants to be an excellent student.
6. worry “担心”不及物动词
常用短语为：worry about“为……担心”
Do not worry about him.
7. so much, so many
so much: “如此多”，修饰不可数名词。It was so much fun. 有如此多乐趣。
so many: “如此多”，修饰可数名词复数。There are so many books in the room.
8. have fun /a great time /a good time doing sth.
9. exciting, excited & interesting, interested & surprising, surprised
exciting: “使人兴奋的”“令人激动的”
excited： “激动的，兴奋的”
Our teacher told us an exciting story yesterday. It made us very excited.
interesting：“令人感兴趣的，有趣的”
interested：“对……感兴趣的”
We are interested in this interesting movie.
10. fast, quick, soon
fast： 既可以作形容词也可以作副词，“快的”，“快地”形容动作本身速度快。
Liu Xiang can run very fast.
quick：形容词，“快的，迅速的”，不强调速度，着重指某动作迅速地发生或完成，具有即刻行动，毫不耽误之意，副词形式为quickly
Don’t talk too quickly.
soon： “很快，马上”强调的是时间，即不久以后将发生的某个动作或某种情况。
I will write to you as soon as possible.
11. 特殊疑问词+to do sth
I don’t know what to do next.
I don’t know how to do it.
Could you tell me how to get there?
12. too many, too much, much too
too many： “太多”修饰可数名词。There are too many trees on the mountains.
too much： “太多”修饰不可数名词。I have too much work to do.
much too： “太”只可起到副词作用，在句中修饰形容词或副词。It is much too cold.
五．书面表达---日记---school trip
1. 日记，多采用第一人称
2. 经常使用一般过去时
3.
格式
星期，日期 天气情况
日期写法：October 1/October 1st/1 October/1st October
假如今天是星期天（6月22日），你们全班同学都去了公园。请写一则日记描述今天的情况。
提示：
1. 天气：晴，伴有微风
2. 活动：放风筝，划船，下国际象棋，野餐，爬山，照相
3. 感受：累但很快乐
要求：
1. 格式正确，书写工整
2. 意思通顺，语意连贯
3. 词数：60左右
范文：
Sunday, June 22nd Sunny
It was a little windy today. All my classmates went to the park. We flew kites, boated on the lake and played chess under a big tree. At noon, we had a picnic near the river. In the afternoon, some of us climbed the mountains and others played games. We took photos there. All of us had a great time. When we went home, it was late. I was very tired, but i was really happy.
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